Old Kurmian: Difference between revisions
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
m IlL moved page Old Cuatham to Old Kurmian |
mNo edit summary |
||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
==Introduction== | |||
Old Kurmian is inspired by Middle Chinese and Irish. | |||
==Sound changes== | ==Sound changes== | ||
*short e > short i, short i > ə | *short e > short i, short i > ə | ||
| Line 11: | Line 13: | ||
*vowel length lost | *vowel length lost | ||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center" | |||
|- | |||
|+'''{{PAGENAME}} initials''' | |||
!colspan="2" | | |||
! | Labial | |||
! | Coronal | |||
! | Lateral | |||
! | Coarticulated | |||
! | Velar | |||
! | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"| Nasal | |||
! <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| /m̊/ | |||
| /n̊/ | |||
| /n̊ˡ/ | |||
| /ŋ̊!/ | |||
| /ŋ̊/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>voiced</small> | |||
| /m/ | |||
| /n/ | |||
| /nˡ/ | |||
| /ŋ!/ | |||
| /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="4" | Stop | |||
!<small>tenuis</small> | |||
| /p/ | |||
| /t/ | |||
| /tɬ/ | |||
| /!/ | |||
| /k/ | |||
| /ʔ/ | |||
|- | |||
!<small>aspirated</small> | |||
| /pʰ/ | |||
| /tʰ/ | |||
| /tɬʰ/ | |||
| /!ʰ/ | |||
| /kʰ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!<small>voiced</small> | |||
| /b/ | |||
| /d/ | |||
| /dɮ/ | |||
| /g!/ | |||
| /g/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!<small>breathy voiced</small> | |||
| /bʱ/ | |||
| /dʱ/ | |||
| /dɮʱ/ | |||
| /g!ʱ/ | |||
| /gʱ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!rowspan="2"|Fricative | |||
!<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| /f/ | |||
| /s/ | |||
| /ɬ/ | |||
| /ɧ/ | |||
| /x/ | |||
| /h/ | |||
|- | |||
!<small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| /z/ | |||
| /ɮ/ | |||
| /ɧ̬/ | |||
| /ɣ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Trill | |||
| | |||
| /r/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
!colspan=2| Approximant | |||
| /w/, /ɥ/ | |||
| | |||
| /l/ | |||
| | |||
| /j/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! | |||
! Front | |||
! Central | |||
! Back | |||
|- | |||
! Close | |||
| /i/ | |||
| /ɨ/ | |||
| /u/ | |||
|- | |||
! Close-mid | |||
| /e/ | |||
| /ə/ | |||
| /o/ | |||
|- | |||
! Open-mid | |||
| /ɛ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! Open | |||
| | |||
| /a/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
===Tones=== | |||
[[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]] | [[Category:Wiebic languages]][[Category:Pfeunic languages]][[Category:Quame languages]][[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]] | ||
Revision as of 04:58, 26 December 2015
Introduction
Old Kurmian is inspired by Middle Chinese and Irish.
Sound changes
- short e > short i, short i > ə
- short a o u > short ä ö ü
- /au ai/ > /aː/, /oy/ > /waː/
- back vowels should break as in OC > MC
- final fricatives > breathy tone > low tone
- lexical mutation
- grammatical mutation
- standardize Irish-style orthography?
- slenderization and labialization yielding MC-style medials
- vowel length lost
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Coronal | Lateral | Coarticulated | Velar | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | voiceless | /m̊/ | /n̊/ | /n̊ˡ/ | /ŋ̊!/ | /ŋ̊/ | |
| voiced | /m/ | /n/ | /nˡ/ | /ŋ!/ | /ŋ/ | ||
| Stop | tenuis | /p/ | /t/ | /tɬ/ | /!/ | /k/ | /ʔ/ |
| aspirated | /pʰ/ | /tʰ/ | /tɬʰ/ | /!ʰ/ | /kʰ/ | ||
| voiced | /b/ | /d/ | /dɮ/ | /g!/ | /g/ | ||
| breathy voiced | /bʱ/ | /dʱ/ | /dɮʱ/ | /g!ʱ/ | /gʱ/ | ||
| Fricative | voiceless | /f/ | /s/ | /ɬ/ | /ɧ/ | /x/ | /h/ |
| voiced | /z/ | /ɮ/ | /ɧ̬/ | /ɣ/ | |||
| Trill | /r/ | ||||||
| Approximant | /w/, /ɥ/ | /l/ | /j/ | ||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | /i/ | /ɨ/ | /u/ |
| Close-mid | /e/ | /ə/ | /o/ |
| Open-mid | /ɛ/ | ||
| Open | /a/ |