Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
k - כ/ק (kaph/qoph) | |||
kh - כֿ/ח (kaph with rafe/ħeth) | |||
g - ג (gimel) | |||
gh - גֿ (gimel with rafe) | |||
ṅ - נ/ע (nun/ayin) | |||
c - צ (tzade) | |||
ch - צֿ (tzade w/ rafe) | |||
j- ג׳ (gimel with geresh) | |||
jh - גֿ׳/ז (gimel with geresh and rafe/zayin) | |||
ṭ - ת (taw) | |||
ṭh - תֿ (taw with rafe) | |||
ḍ - ד (daleth) | |||
ḍh - דֿ (daleth with rafe) | |||
t - ט (ṭeth) | |||
th - טֿ (ṭeth with rafe) | |||
d - ד׳ (daleth w/ geresh) | |||
dh - דֿ׳ (daeth w/ geresh and rafe) | |||
n - נ (nun) | |||
p - פ (pe) | |||
ph - פֿ (pe w/ rafe) | |||
b - ב (beth) | |||
bh - בֿ (beth w/ rafe) | |||
m - מ (mem) | |||
y - י (yodh) | |||
r - ר (resh) | |||
l - ל (lamedh) | |||
v - ו (vav) | |||
sh - שׁ (shin) | |||
s - ס/שֹ (samekh/sin) | |||
h - ה (he) | |||
(null) - א (aleph) | |||
Geminate consonants are marked with a dagesh. | |||
vowels (fully vocalized - not fully vocalized) | |||
a - אַ (pataħ - segol sounds like pataħ) - not marked | |||
ā/au (both pronounced [ɒː]) - אׇ/אָו (qamatz/qamatz with vav) - mater lectionis is aleph or vav | |||
i - אִי (hiriq with yodh) - mater lectionis is yodh | |||
ī - אִיי (hiriq with double yodh) - mater lectionis is double yud | |||
u - אֻו (qubbutz with vav) - mater lectionis is single vav | |||
ū - אוּו (shuruk with double vav) - mater lectionis is double vav | |||
ē - אֵי (tzere with yud) - mater lectionis is yud | |||
ō - אוֹ (ħolam with vav) - mater lectionis is vav | |||
ai - אֶי (segol with yud) - mater lection isis yud | |||
Nasalization is marked with a nun-rafe following the vowel (e.g. מנושיוןֿ - mnushyõ) | |||
==Grammar== | |||
[[Category:Judeo-Indic]][[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]][[Category:Indo-Iranian languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:A posteriori]] | [[Category:Judeo-Indic]][[Category:Indo-Aryan languages]][[Category:Indo-Iranian languages]][[Category:Indo-European languages]][[Category:A posteriori]] | ||
Revision as of 22:40, 22 February 2016
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Pharyngeal | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | ||||||
| Plosive/Affricate | voiceless | p | t̪ | ts | ʈ | k | |||
| voiceless aspirated | pʰ | t̪ʰ | tsʰ | ʈʰ | kʰ | ||||
| voiced | b | d̪ | dz | ɖ | ɡ | ||||
| breathy voiced | bʱ | d̪ʱ | dzʱ | ɖʱ | ɡʱ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | (f) | s | ʃ | (x) | ||||
| voiced | (z) | (ɣ) | (ʕ) | ɦ | |||||
| Flap | ɾ | ||||||||
| Approximant | ʋ | l | j | ||||||
Vowels
k - כ/ק (kaph/qoph) kh - כֿ/ח (kaph with rafe/ħeth) g - ג (gimel) gh - גֿ (gimel with rafe) ṅ - נ/ע (nun/ayin) c - צ (tzade) ch - צֿ (tzade w/ rafe) j- ג׳ (gimel with geresh) jh - גֿ׳/ז (gimel with geresh and rafe/zayin) ṭ - ת (taw) ṭh - תֿ (taw with rafe) ḍ - ד (daleth) ḍh - דֿ (daleth with rafe) t - ט (ṭeth) th - טֿ (ṭeth with rafe) d - ד׳ (daleth w/ geresh) dh - דֿ׳ (daeth w/ geresh and rafe) n - נ (nun) p - פ (pe) ph - פֿ (pe w/ rafe) b - ב (beth) bh - בֿ (beth w/ rafe) m - מ (mem) y - י (yodh) r - ר (resh) l - ל (lamedh) v - ו (vav) sh - שׁ (shin) s - ס/שֹ (samekh/sin) h - ה (he) (null) - א (aleph) Geminate consonants are marked with a dagesh. vowels (fully vocalized - not fully vocalized) a - אַ (pataħ - segol sounds like pataħ) - not marked ā/au (both pronounced [ɒː]) - אׇ/אָו (qamatz/qamatz with vav) - mater lectionis is aleph or vav i - אִי (hiriq with yodh) - mater lectionis is yodh ī - אִיי (hiriq with double yodh) - mater lectionis is double yud u - אֻו (qubbutz with vav) - mater lectionis is single vav ū - אוּו (shuruk with double vav) - mater lectionis is double vav ē - אֵי (tzere with yud) - mater lectionis is yud ō - אוֹ (ħolam with vav) - mater lectionis is vav ai - אֶי (segol with yud) - mater lection isis yud Nasalization is marked with a nun-rafe following the vowel (e.g. מנושיוןֿ - mnushyõ)