Literature talk:Be prepared: Difference between revisions
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!''paṇoba'' "writer" !! !! Singular !! Plural | !''paṇoba'' "writer" !! !! Singular possessor !! Plural possessor | ||
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|colspan=2| Indefinite | |colspan=2| Indefinite | ||
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|rowspan=3|Construct | |rowspan=3|Construct | ||
|1st person || | |1st person || paṇabora || paṇabaroṇa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|2nd person || | |2nd person || paṇaboda || paṇabadoṇa | ||
|- | |- | ||
|3rd person | |3rd person | ||
|colspan=2 | paṇaba | |colspan=2 | paṇaba | ||
|} | |} | ||
Nouns typically fall into three ablaut patterns: a-type, e-type and o-type. ''Paṇoba'' is an o-type noun, where the o becomes an a in the construct state. | |||
* ''homa'' (legume) → ''hama'' | |||
In e-type nouns, the e in the noun becomes an a, but the preceding vowel shifts: a becomes i, ā becomes e, and ō becomes a. If the only vowel in the noun is e, ... | |||
[to add later] | |||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Revision as of 12:32, 10 June 2016
Pandoga is a triconsonantal language with an Indic aesthetic.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
There are 22 consonants in Pandoga (as in Hebrew!)
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stop | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | ṭ /ʈ/ | c /c/ | k /k/ | |||
| Voiced stop | b /b/ | d /d̪/ | ḍ /ɖ/ | j /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | |||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n̪/ | ṇ /ɳ/ | |||||
| Fricative | s /s/ | ṣ /ʂ/ | h /h/ | |||||
| Voiced fricative | z /z/ | |||||||
| Approximant | v /ʋ/ | y /j/ | ||||||
| Lateral | l /l/ | ḷ /ɺ̢/ | ||||||
| Trill | r /r/ |
Vowels
Pandoga has an unusual 5 vowel system:
| Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|
| a | /ɐ/ |
| ā | /a:/ |
| e | /e:/ |
| i | /i/ |
| o | /o:/ |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pandoga uses roots consisting of three consonants. An example is P-Ṇ-B 'to write':
- paṇoba = writer
- paṇabeti =
- capṇaboti =
Nouns
Nouns inflect for definiteness and state (absolute/construct) and may include possessive affixes. A sample noun:
| paṇoba "writer" | Singular possessor | Plural possessor | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | paṇoba | ||
| Definite | paṇobahe | ||
| Construct | 1st person | paṇabora | paṇabaroṇa |
| 2nd person | paṇaboda | paṇabadoṇa | |
| 3rd person | paṇaba | ||
Nouns typically fall into three ablaut patterns: a-type, e-type and o-type. Paṇoba is an o-type noun, where the o becomes an a in the construct state.
- homa (legume) → hama
In e-type nouns, the e in the noun becomes an a, but the preceding vowel shifts: a becomes i, ā becomes e, and ō becomes a. If the only vowel in the noun is e, ...
[to add later]
Verbs
The passive binyan uses the prefix ca- (la- if the first consonant is palatal or velar) and the causative binyan uses ka- (ta- if the first consonant is palatal or velar).
- paṇoba, capṇoba, kapaṇboṇa