Oltic: Difference between revisions
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Consonants | |+ Modern Oltic Consonants | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ! !! colspan="2" | [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] !! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | ||
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===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| style="background: none" | |||
|- | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Middle Oltic Vowels | |||
|- | |||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Unounded vowel|unrounded]] !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] [[w:Rounded vowel|rounded]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close vowel|High]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] || [w:Close front rounded vowel|y]] || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || [[w:Close-mid front rounded vowel|ø]] || rowspan=2 | [[w:Mid back rounded vowel|o̞]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-mid]] | |||
| [[w:Open-mid front unrounded vowel|ɛ]] | |||
|- | |||
! [[w:Open vowel|Low]] | |||
| colspan=3 | [[w:Open front unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
|} | |||
| valign="top" | | |||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Vowels | |+ Modern Oltic Vowels | ||
|- | |- | ||
! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ! !! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] !! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | ||
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===Pitch accent=== | ===Pitch accent=== | ||
{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+ Tones | |+ Modern/Middle Oltic Tones | ||
|- | |- | ||
! High !! Falling !! Rising | ! High !! Falling !! Rising | ||
Revision as of 07:14, 8 May 2026
 | This article is a construction site. This project is currently undergoing significant construction and/or revamp. By all means, take a look around, thank you. |
| Oltic | |
|---|---|
| Λῦτικη, Литике | |
 | |
| Pronunciation | [ɫîtike] |
| Created by | Dillon Hartwig |
| Date | 2021 |
| Setting | Olt County, Romania; Pleven Province, Bulgaria |
Indo-European
| |
Early forms | |
Oltic /ˈoʊltɪk/ (Oltic: Λῦτικη, Литике [ɫîtike]) is a Celtic language spoken by the intersection of the rivers Olt and Danube.
Etymology
Both Λῦτικη and Oltic are derived from the river Olt, in Ancient Greek (Ἄλυτος, through Old Oltic αλυτικη, Middle λυτικη) and English respectively.
Orthography
Oltic is written with the Greek and Cyrillic scripts.
| Α α | Αι αι | Β β | Γ γ | Γγ γγ | Γλ γλ | Γν γν | Γρ γρ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /a/ | /ɛ/ | /v/ | /ɣ,j/ | /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ | /ʎ/ | /ɲ/ | /ʑ/ |
| Γϝ γϝ | Δ δ | Ε ε | Ει ει | Ζ ζ | Η η | Θ θ | Ι ι |
| /ᵑgʷ,ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ | /ð/ | /e/ | /e/ | /z/ | /ɛ/ | /f/ | /i,j,ɲ,∅/ |
| Κ κ | Γκ γκ | Λ λ | Μ μ | Μβ μβ | Μπ μπ | Ν ν | Νδ νδ |
| /k,t͡ɕ/ | /ᵑg,ⁿd͡ʑ/ | /l,ʎ/ | /m/ | /ᵐb/ | /ᵐb/ | /n,ɲ/ | /ⁿd/ |
| Ντ ντ | Ξ ξ | Ο ο | Οι οι | Ου ου | Π π | Ρ ρ | Σ σ/ς |
| /ⁿd/ | /xs/ | /o̞/ | /e/ | /u/ | /p/ | /r,ʑ/ | /s/ |
| Τ τ | Υ υ | Υι υι | Φ φ | Χ χ | Ω ω | Ϝ ϝ | |
| /t/ | /i,f,m,v/ | /i/ | /f/ | /x,ɕ/ | /o̞/ | /ɣʷ,ɥ/ | |
| ά | ᾶ | ὰ | Ϊ ϊ | Ϋ ϋ | |||
| /á/ | /â/ | /ǎ/ | /i,j/ | /i,j/ | |||
| А а | В в | Г г | Гв гв | Д д | Ђ ђ | Ђв ђв | Е е | Ж ж |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /a/ | /v/ | /ɣ/ | /ɣʷ/ | /ð/ | /ⁿd͡ʑ/ | /ⁿd͡ʑʷ/ | /e/ | /ʑ/ |
| З з | И и | Ј ј | Јв јв | К к | Л л | Љ љ | М м | Мб мб |
| /z/ | /i/ | /j/ | /ɥ/ | /k/ | /l/ | /ʎ/ | /m/ | /ᵐb/ |
| Нв нв | Нг нг | Нд нд | Н н | Њ њ | О о | П п | Р р | С с |
| /ᵑgʷ/ | /ᵑg/ | /ⁿd/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /o̞/ | /p/ | /r/ | /s/ |
| Т т | Ћ ћ | У у | Ф ф | Х х | Ш ш | Ѣ ѣ | ||
| /t/ | /t͡ɕ/ | /u/ | /f/ | /x/ | /ɕ/ | /ɛ/ |
Phonemic values given above are for Modern Oltic.
- In Middle Oltic...
- ⟨σσ⟩ is /t͡s/.
- ⟨ι⟩ is /j/ when not vocalic or marking a palatal consonant, as opposed to ⟨γι⟩ /ʝ/.
- In Old Oltic...
- ⟨ωυ⟩ is not used; ⟨ου⟩ is both of /u(ː) ɔu/.
- ⟨φ θ⟩ are /pʰ tʰ/; ⟨χ⟩ is both of /kʰ x/.
- An additional letter ⟨Ͳ ͳ⟩ is /sː/.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | |||||
| Stop | p | ᵐb | t | ⁿd | t͡ɕ | ⁿd͡ʑ ⁿd͡ʑʷ | k | ᵑg ᵑgʷ |
| Fricative | f | v | s | ð z | ɕ | ʑ | x | ɣ ɣʷ |
| Approximant | l | j ɥ ʎ | ||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||
- /l/ is in free variation with [ɫ].
- /r/ is in free variation with [ɾ].
- Prenasalized consonants are plain phrase-initially and before consonants.
- /s,z/ before alveopalatal consonants are variably realized as [ɕ,ʑ].
- /sj,zj/ are variably realized as [sj,zj], [ɕj,ʑj], or [ɕ,ʑ].
Vowels
|
Pitch accent
ProsodyStress is variable but in native words is word-initial or root-initial. PhonotacticsOltic maximal syllables are CCCVCC MorphologyAlignmentOltic has nominative-accusative morphosyntactic alignment. NounsNouns inflect for case and number, and are gendered masculine, feminine, or neuter.
Final consonants in nominative singular consonant-stem nouns reduce as follows.
PronounsUnlike nouns, pronouns do not inflect.
VerbsVerbs inflect for tense, aspect, mood, voice (though some verbs are deponent), and subject person and number. Some verbs have suppletive marking for future tense.
Some 1st-conjugation verbs with historical *-y- infixes have irregular changes in -τ- forms and -ζος, most often loss of stem-final ι-, "shortening" of the previous vowel (η, ει, ωυ becoming α, ε, ο and/or falling tone becoming high or rising tone), or stem-final ζ- becoming a different consonant. CopulaThe copula inflects for the same categories as other verbs, plus positive and negative forms, and prohibitive forms of the negative. Conjugation
AdjectivesAdjectives agree with their head noun in case, number, gender, and definiteness. They may also be marked as comparative or superlative.
NegationNoun, adjective, and adverb negation is marked with a preclitic νε. A prefix αν- is also often used to negate adjectives and adverbs, and is used derivationally in adjectives and other parts of speech. Verb negation is marked with a preceding negative copula; the negated verb is variably marked as if not negated or as a participle modifying the negative copula. NumeralsOltic uses base-10 numerals.
Άνος, οίνος, and ordinal numerals inflect as o-stem adjectives. SyntaxConstituent orderOltic word order is flexible but predominantly SVO. Noun and verb phrasesDependent clausesExample textsUniversal Declaration of Human Rights Article 1Ωύλοι ζόνιοι χρίοι άπε αυκεῖντινοι δίγνιτης άπε κωὺραχτον γῆνοντο. Χρόδηντο μέγμαναν άπε κονθῶγνιγϝον άπε λίγοντο γνίοντοι σεῖ αῦρε βρῆτιι ὰνζι. Овле зоње хрие апе афћендине дињитѣс апе коврахтон генондо. Хродѣндо мегманан апе конфоњинвон апе логондо љионде се авре врѣтии анзи. Ωύλ-οι all-M.PL.NOM.DEF ζόνι-οι person-PL.NOM χρί-οι free-M.PL.NOM.DEF άπε and αυκεῖντιν-οι equal-M.PL.NOM.DEF δίγνιτ-ης dignity-SG.GEN άπε and κωὺρ-αχτ-ον right-NZ-PL.GEN γῆν-οντο. be_born-3PL.MID.PRES
Χρόδ-ηντο give-3PL.MID.PRES μέγμ-αναν mind-SG.ACC άπε and κονθῶγνιγϝ-ον conscience-SG.ACC άπε and λίγ-οντο should-3PL.MID.PRES γνί-οντ-οι do-PRES.PTCP-M.PL.NOM.DEF σεῖ 3.RECP αῦρε with βρῆτ-ι-ι brother-NZ-SG.GEN ὰνζ-ι. spirit-SG.GEN Linguifex-hosted translationsConlang Atlas of Language Structures-hosted translationsOther resources |
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