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[[Wiobic languages/Swadesh list|Swadesh list for the Wiobic languages]]
[[Tsrovesh/Lexicon]]


The '''Wiobic languages''' are a language family native to Bjeheond. It includes [[Tsjoen]], [[Old Tsjoen]] and [[Wiobian]], as well as other Wiobic languages such as [[Feiden]] and [[Æ]]. '''Proto-Wiobic''' is the reconstructed ancestor of all Wiobic languages.
[[Tsrovesh/Swadesh list]]
==Todo==
 
*''nsaati'' = tree
{{Infobox language
**Tsjoen ''zaet'' /zɛt/, Wiobian ''Nßäht'' /ⁿzɛːt/
|image =
*Tsj. seots, kljeo, sko, moe, fah, ex, tjeot, hjaet, kvjaet, tsju < ???
|imagesize =
**seots > soc > Wb. ßozz
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]], [[User:Praimhín|Praimhín]]
**kljeo < kliʔ > Wb. klie? klih?
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
**sko < skaa > Wb. skah
|pronunciation= 
**moe < moj > Wb. moj
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
**fah < fah > Wb. fah
|region = Txapoalli
**ex < ieš > Wb. ies
|familycolor=lakovic
**?
|fam1=[[Lakovic]]
**?
|script={{PAGENAME}} script
**?
|iso3=
**tsju '10' < ťiu > Wb. ziu
|notice=IPA
}}
 
'''Tsrovesh''' (''croveš'' /tsɣoˈveʃ/) is a [[Lakovic]] language spoken in Txapoalli, inspired by Hebrew and Georgian.
 
<!--
 
This is a short reminder of the language format policy.
 
I. Write a short piece stating your intents and purposes when creating the language (Design goal, inspiration, ideas, and so on).
II. Write a short introduction to your language. (Who speaks it? When was it created? By whom? or what? are some example questions that can be answered here)
III. Once done, try making sure everything is properly spelt so as to avoid unnecessary reader fatigue.
 
-->
==Introduction==
TODO: relate to Windermere
 
*All those final -i's - a gender marker? What if Windermere also has mutation like Celtic


==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Orthography===
Tsrovesh is most commonly written with the Clofabic alphabet.
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
Virtually identical to [[Wiobian]]
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;"
! colspan="2"|
! colspan="2" |
! | Labial
! |Labial
! | Alveolar
! |Dental
! | Medial
! |Palatal
! | Velar
! |Velar
! | Lab.vel.
! |Glottal
! | Glottal
|-
|-
! colspan="2" | Nasal
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal
| '''m''' /m/
| '''m''' /m/
| '''n''' /n/
| '''n''' /n/  
| '''nj''' /ɲ/
| '''ng''' /ŋ/
|  
|  
| [ŋ]
|  
|  
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Plosive
! rowspan="2" |Plosive
! | <small>voiceless</small>
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''p''' /p/
| '''p''' /p/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''t''' /t/
| '''tj''' /c/
|  
| '''k''' /k/
| '''k''' /k/
| '''kw''' /kʷ/
| '''ʔ''' /ʔ/
|-
! | <small>prenasalized</small>
| '''mp''' /ᵐb/
| '''nt''' /ⁿd/
| '''ntj''' /ᶮɟ/
| '''nk''' /ᵑg/
| '''nkw''' /ᵑgʷ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! | <small>voiced</small>
! |<small>voiced</small>
| '''b''' /b/
| '''b''' /b/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''d''' /d/
| '''dj''' /ɟ/
|
| '''g''' /g/
| '''g''' /g/
|
|-
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative
! |<small>voiceless</small>
|  
|  
|  
| '''s''' /s/
| '''š''' /ʃ/
| '''x''' /x~χ/
| '''h''' /h/
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Fricative
! |<small>voiced</small>
! | <small>plain</small>
| '''v''' /v/
| '''f''' /f/
| '''z''' /z/
| '''s''' /s/<br/>'''þ''' /θ/
| '''ž''' /ʒ/
| '''sj''' /ç/
| '''r''' /ɣ~ʁ/
| '''h''' /x/
| '''hw''' /ʍ/
|  
|  
|-
|-
! | <small>prenasalized</small>
! rowspan="2" style="" |Affricate
| '''mf''' /ᵐv/
! |<small>voiceless</small>
| '''ns''' /ⁿz/
|
|
|  
|  
| '''c''' /ts/
| '''č''' /tʃ/
|  
|  
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" |Liquid
! |<small>voiced</small>
|
| '''r''' /r/; '''l''' /l/
| '''rj''' /ɹ/
|  
|  
| '''dz''' /dz/
| '''j''' /dʒ/
|  
|  
|  
|  
Line 89: Line 103:
! colspan="2" |Approximant
! colspan="2" |Approximant
|  
|  
| '''l''' /l/
|  
|  
| '''y''' /j/
|  
|  
| '''w''' /w/
|  
|  
|}
|}


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
Fewer vowels than modern Wiobian or Tsjoen; vowel length was contrastive, as in Proto-Germanic.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
! | &nbsp;
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels'''
! style="width: 80px; " |Front
|-
! style="width: 80px; " |Central
! style="width: 60px; "|
! style="width: 80px; " |Back
! style="width: 60px; " |Front
! style="width: 60px; " |Central
! style="width: 60px; " |Back
|-
|-
! style="" |Close
! style="" |Close
| '''i ii'''
| '''i''' /i/
|  
|
| '''u uu'''
| '''u''' /u/
|-
|-
! style="" |Mid
! style="" |Mid
| '''e ee'''
| '''e''' /e/
| '''ə'''
|  
| '''o oo'''
| '''o''' /o/
|-
|-
! style="" |Open
! style="" |Open
|  
|  
| '''a aa'''
| '''a''' /a/
|  
|
|}
|}


There were also six diphthongs, '''ai au ia ua eu iu'''.
Consecutive vowels are prohibited.
 
===Prosody===
====Stress====
====Intonation====


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C). In addition, clusters of two consonants are allowed word-finally. Final short vowel + no coda is prohibited in roots, as in Germanic and Khmer.
Tsrovesh phonology is slightly less restrictive than Israeli Hebrew but much more so than Georgian. As in both languages, initial consonant clusters appear frequently in Tsrovesh. Initial clusters of the form ''l/r'' + consonant are allowed. For example:
 
* ''croveš'' (the name of the language)
* ''ldag'' (door)
* ''šmer'' (man)
* ''cnaxat'' (dream)
* ''gzin'' (to shine)
* ''vlo'' (to live)
* ''lvar'' (to play)
* ''tkešet'' (regardless)
* ''švili'' (for)
 
Medial consonant clusters are also common:
 
* ''ertma'' (spider)
* ''detkvisi'' (limestone)
* ''opxram'' (reed)
 
Clusters must obey a sonority hierarchy, i.e. a resonant (one of ''m, n, l, r'') cannot come between two non-resonants. For example, /tkv/ is allowed but /kmv/ is not.
 
All final clusters are prohibited.
 
===Stress===
Stress is always penultimate.
 
==Morphology==
 
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
 
Tsrovesh sentence structure is VSO and head-final, except for complementizer phrases and prepositional phrases. Tsrovesh is not zero-copula; the word for 'to live' is used as a copula. Word order is strict, and topicalization occurs with the suffix ''-eti''.
 
===Noun phrase===
 
The adjective comes before the noun in Tsrovesh:
 
''ha-udvanit ertma'' = the happy spider
 
(udvanit = happy, ertma = spider)
 
But relative clauses are placed after the noun:
 
''ertma, li-ves ha-šmer kixaven'' = spider who the man killed
 
===Verb phrase===
 
===Sentence phrase===
====Conjunctions====
''et'' = and
 
''-eb'' = and (used like Latin ''-que'')


There are virtually no restrictions on consonant clusters, except:
===Dependent clauses===
*An obstruent may not follow a nasal.
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Numbers==
Windermere 1-5: doan, rath, stiw, smech, müets


===Proto-Wiobic to Tsjoen===
?, ?, ?, ?, ?, mevti, uškni, voherbi, adorgi, ktela, ktela azareb, ktela kineb, ktela tvagib, ktela lucmib, ...
*prenasalized stops → voiced stops; -mp -nt ... > -mb -nd ... word finally
**similarly, mf ns > v z
*þ > t
*ť ď > ts z
*ň > j
*ř > zj for sure
*š > x
*Initial ng- > 0-


get both broad-slender and umlaut like I did with Varquun > Tsjoen
20 = ktela mekin


===Proto-Wiobic to Wiobian===
==Example texts==
Umlaut and syncope (flesh out), mostly
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->


==Grammar==
<!-- Template area -->
===Nouns===
Alienable vs. inalienable possession as in Tsjoen?


Cases as in Wiobian?
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:Tricin]]

Revision as of 21:29, 13 July 2018

Tsrovesh/Lexicon

Tsrovesh/Swadesh list

Mwail/Bri
Created byIlL, Praimhín
SettingVerse:Tricin
Lakovic
  • Mwail/Bri
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Tsrovesh (croveš /tsɣoˈveʃ/) is a Lakovic language spoken in Txapoalli, inspired by Hebrew and Georgian.

Introduction

TODO: relate to Windermere

  • All those final -i's - a gender marker? What if Windermere also has mutation like Celtic

Phonology

Orthography

Tsrovesh is most commonly written with the Clofabic alphabet.

Consonants

Labial Dental Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m /m/ n /n/ [ŋ]
Plosive voiceless p /p/ t /t/ k /k/
voiced b /b/ d /d/ g /g/
Fricative voiceless s /s/ š /ʃ/ x /x~χ/ h /h/
voiced v /v/ z /z/ ž /ʒ/ r /ɣ~ʁ/
Affricate voiceless c /ts/ č /tʃ/
voiced dz /dz/ j /dʒ/
Approximant l /l/

Vowels

Mwail/Bri vowels
Front Central Back
Close i /i/ u /u/
Mid e /e/ o /o/
Open a /a/

Consecutive vowels are prohibited.

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Tsrovesh phonology is slightly less restrictive than Israeli Hebrew but much more so than Georgian. As in both languages, initial consonant clusters appear frequently in Tsrovesh. Initial clusters of the form l/r + consonant are allowed. For example:

  • croveš (the name of the language)
  • ldag (door)
  • šmer (man)
  • cnaxat (dream)
  • gzin (to shine)
  • vlo (to live)
  • lvar (to play)
  • tkešet (regardless)
  • švili (for)

Medial consonant clusters are also common:

  • ertma (spider)
  • detkvisi (limestone)
  • opxram (reed)

Clusters must obey a sonority hierarchy, i.e. a resonant (one of m, n, l, r) cannot come between two non-resonants. For example, /tkv/ is allowed but /kmv/ is not.

All final clusters are prohibited.

Stress

Stress is always penultimate.

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Tsrovesh sentence structure is VSO and head-final, except for complementizer phrases and prepositional phrases. Tsrovesh is not zero-copula; the word for 'to live' is used as a copula. Word order is strict, and topicalization occurs with the suffix -eti.

Noun phrase

The adjective comes before the noun in Tsrovesh:

ha-udvanit ertma = the happy spider

(udvanit = happy, ertma = spider)

But relative clauses are placed after the noun:

ertma, li-ves ha-šmer kixaven = spider who the man killed

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Conjunctions

et = and

-eb = and (used like Latin -que)

Dependent clauses

Numbers

Windermere 1-5: doan, rath, stiw, smech, müets

?, ?, ?, ?, ?, mevti, uškni, voherbi, adorgi, ktela, ktela azareb, ktela kineb, ktela tvagib, ktela lucmib, ...

20 = ktela mekin

Example texts

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