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| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| ===Initials=== | | ===Initials=== |
| tsy tshy dzy ny sy zy > ti thi di ngi si zi
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| p merges into b
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| tr trh dr nr tsr tshr sr zr > q qh ʀ ʀ χ χ ʃ w
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| {|class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center"
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| |-
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| |+'''Consonant phonemes'''
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| !rowspan="2" colspan="2"|
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| !colspan="2" | Labial
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| !colspan="2" | Dental
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| !colspan="2" | Velar
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| !rowspan="2" | Laryngeal
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| |-
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| ! <small>broad</small>
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| ! <small>slender</small>
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| ! <small>broad</small>
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| ! <small>slender</small>
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| ! <small>slender</small>
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| ! <small>broad</small>
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| |-
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| !colspan="2" | Nasal
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| | {{IPA|mˠ}} || {{IPA|mʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|n̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|nʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|ŋʲ}} || {{IPA|ŋ}}
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| |-
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| !rowspan="3" | Stop
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | {{IPA|t̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|tʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|kʲ}} || {{IPA|k}}
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| |-
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| !<small>aspirated</small>
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| | {{IPA|pˠʰ}} || {{IPA|pʲʰ}}
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| | {{IPA|t̪ˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tʲʰ}}
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| | {{IPA|kʲʰ}} || {{IPA|kʰ}}
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | {{IPA|bˠ}} || {{IPA|bʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|d̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|dʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|gʲ}} || {{IPA|g}}
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2" | Affricate
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| !<small>plain</small>
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| | {{IPA|t̪sˠ}} || {{IPA|tsʲ}}
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| |-
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| !<small>aspirated</small>
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| | {{IPA|t̪sˠʰ}} || {{IPA|tsʲʰ}}
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| |-
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| !rowspan="2"|Fricative
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| !<small>voiceless</small>
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| | {{IPA|fˠ}} ||
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| | {{IPA|sˠ}} || {{IPA|sʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|xʲ}} || {{IPA|x}}
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| | {{IPA|h}}
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| |-
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| !<small>voiced</small>
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| | {{IPA|vˠ}} ||
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| | {{IPA|zˠ}} || {{IPA|zʲ}}
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| |-
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| !colspan=2| Approximant
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| | w ||
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| | {{IPA|l̪ˠ}} || {{IPA|lʲ}}
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| | {{IPA|j}} ||
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| |}
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| ===Rimes===
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| <poem>
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| In stressed syllables:
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|
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| a, wa, ja, jwa > a, o, ia, io
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| ae, wae, jae > æ, a, iæ
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| u, jo, ju > u, ia, iu
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| oj, ajH > aj
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| woj, wajH > oj
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| eaj, aejH > æj
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| weaj, waejH > aj
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|
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| jejH, jiejH, jwejH, jwiejH might have the same outcome as je, jie, jwe, jwie
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| those finals with -ji- are called chongniu finals
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| i could merge jiej completely with jej like mandarin does
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| or they could be different
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| i'll treat jiej like jij and jwiej like jwij
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|
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| je(j), jwe(j) > ie, iə
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| joj, jwoj > ioj, iəj
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| ij, jij, wij, jwij > y, i, uj, iuj
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| i > y
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| j+j, jw+j > i, iuj
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| aw, aew, jew, jiew, ew, uw, juw, jiw > aw, aw, iaw, iew, ew, u, iu, iew
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| om, am, eam, aem, jem, jiem, jaem, jom, em, im, jim > um, om, am, am, iem, im, iam, iom, ium, em, im, jim
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| an, wan, aen, waen, ean, wean > an, on, æn, an, en, ən
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| jen, jwen, jon, jwon > ien, iən, ion, iun
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| en, wen, on, won > en, ən, on, un
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| in, jin, win, jwin, j+n, jun > in, yn, un, iun, in, iun
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| ak, wak, jak, jwak > ak, ok, iak, iok
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| aewk > auk
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| ok, wok, ik, wik > ok, uk, ik, uk
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| aek, waek, eak, waek > æk, ak, æk, ak
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| jaek, jwaek > iæk, iak
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| jek jwek ek wek > iek iək ek ək
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| uwk owk juwk jowk > uk ok iuk iok
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| </poem>
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| ===Tonality=== | | ===Tonality=== |
| level = 45, H = 13, X = 53
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| Tone is realized on the stressed syllable.
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| ==Sample texts== | | ==Sample texts== |
| [[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Jewish languages]][[Category:Lõis]] | | [[Category:Sinitic languages]][[Category:Jewish languages]][[Category:Lõis]] |
Judeo-Chinese is a descendant of Middle Chinese adopted by Chinese Jews, written in a version of the Hebrew alphabet and incorporating Hebrew loans. Like other Chinese varieties, it is a tonal language and is unintelligible to speakers of other Chinese lects.
It is aesthetically inspired by Icelandic and Sami.
Phonology
Initials
Tonality
Sample texts