Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages

Vertlandic (hə taŋʷas vərɬanak /hə ˈtaŋʷas vəɾˈɬanak~vəɾˈθanak/; from *berxtolandākā, lit. Brightlandic) is a Celtic language spoken in Vertland (vərɬan), located in Iberia and North Africa. It was an important vehicle for transmitting A-Arabic loans to English. It is inspired by Lushootseed and Welsh.

xʷilid = cat (from Latin)

vārəy ðax = good morning

tl > ɬ, CeCe- -> CəCi- (kenetlom → čədiɬ 'generation')

əyn, ðəw, trī, kʷətur, kʷiʔč, wəks, šəxt, uxt, daw, ðəč

bakʷ = son; hə makʷ = the son

bərk = daughter; hə mərk (no mut) = the daughter

Sdābt hə həysk viw id uðənč = The living fish swims in water

gemination → preglottalization

Chain shifts:

mm, mb > m > b > v

nn, nd > n > d > ð

ng > ŋ, g > x, gʷ > xʷ, w- > gʷ-, y- > dz-

e o > ə, ke ge → tʃə dʒə

vowels: i u ə a iː uː aː aj aw əj əw

Morphology

Nouns

nasal mutation of v > b > m and ð > d > n

Genders: common (no mut) and neuter (nasal mut)

Plural: -s, no gender distinction

hə (from *sindos) is hən before vowels

Verbs

verbs, present tense: sdābu, sdābs, sdābt, sdābəbs, sdābəsxʷi, sdābəʔt 'I swim, ...'

verbs, past tense: get split-ergativity with past participle: sdābtəw, sdābtis, sdābtit, sdābtibs, sdābtisxʷi, sdābtiʔt 'I swam, ...'

the old 3rd person singular is used with both singular and plural (plurality is marked on the subject)

the old 3rd person plural form is now used with an impersonal meaning: dī sdābəʔt ids = you don't swim here

Conjugation classes:

• verbs from o/e verbs: more irregularities here
• a-verbs (from PCel *-āti)
• i-verbs (from PCel *-yeti)