Verse:Mwtqwlqwj/Qwbmwdqwg

Corsican Arabic
əl-KoRSəKi; taNGəTNə
Pronunciation	[ɜ̟lˈqʰɔɾˁsʌqʰɪ]
Created by	Inthar
Setting	Verse:Irta
Native to	Corsica
Language family	Afro-Asiatic Semitic Central Semitic Arabic Irta Maghrebi Arabic Corsican Arabic

Corsican Arabic is an Irish-influenced Arabic variety spoken in the Irta timeline's Corsica (natively əl-KoRSəKə [ɜ̟lˈqʰɔɾˁsʌqʰʌ], Irta Irish an Chorsac). In Irta it's called Corsican (natively əl-KoRSəKi [ɜ̟lˈqʰɔɾˁsʌqʰɪ] or ət-taNGə KoRSəKījə [ɜ̟t̪ˈt̪ʰæɴɢʌ qʰɔɾˁsʌˈqʰɪːjɜ̟] (taNGə is from Irish teanga); in Irish an Chorsacais). It may also be called taNGəTNə 'our language'. Its speakers are predominantly Catholic and usually also speak English and French.

Its premise is "Maltese but with Irish (and secondarily French and Sardinian) instead of Italian", and it's the only Irtan Semitic language that evolved naturally under Celtic influence (Crannish is more Azalic, and Irta Modern Hebrew was revived by Celtic speakers), and the only Irtan Semitic language written in the Latin script (which is different from the one used on this page)

diaΓīw - greeting

diaSMíRΓīw - reply

ėšil-hāl? - how are you? (lit. what health?)

kėf d'int? - how are you?

inə bi-Dajjib - I'm well

inə kaRGəlōR - I'm ok

aLLəh - God

kəbīR - big

SəΓīR - small

u - unmarked word for "and"

oGəS - form of "and" often used between two names (In Irta Corsica, the Tironian et was deferentially written out as ocus when between two names of saints, God etc.)

ejsə oGəS Mirə = Jesus and Mary

f'isəm əl-misēr oGəS əl-ibən oGəS əR-Ruah Guddus = in the name of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit

ānə oGəS Dahī = Áine and Daithí

əR-RəNDōn = Lent

Rī = king

SaZW = Sadhbh (broad dh = Z is a Corsican Irish conservatism lost in other Irish dialects)

ən-nəhė́rin = Ireland (interpreting genitive na hÉireann as absolute state)

Tīšəx = (archaic) ruler; əT-Tīšəx, Tīšəx ən-nəhė́rin = the Taoiseach

PΓēns = prince

əl-milēd = Christmas

lėlət əS-SaWəN = Halloween

əS-SaWəN = All Saints' Day

əl-Xašk = Easter

ejd əl-hamsīn = Pentecost

Min, Mil- = from (random emphasis)

History

Corsica was ruled by Muslim Arabs (7th c. - 10th c.), then by the Irish (10th c. - 16th c.), then the French (16th c. - 19th c. Ireland ceded it to France when it was being threatened by Remonitionists and the Hivantish), then the Azalic English (19th c. - 20th c.). Corsica gained independence from the Azalic English in 1954.

The first text in Corsican Arabic is dated to 1515.

Corsican Arabic evolved from a fictional vernacular Arabic variety which has the following features:

• qāf and Tā' are unaspirated, sometimes voiced.
• Zā' and Dād are both [zˁ~ðˁ].
• hamza is retained.
• has imāla after nonemphatics
  • new ā from 3ayn loss (same condition as Maltese ghá and ágh) causes old ā > ō after emphatics
  • The combination of imāla and Irish borrowing has resulted in two archiphonemes: Ē (Classical ā), Ā (Middle Irish á) (ē and ā respectively after nonemphatics; both become ō after emphatics after ayin loss and ā after historical emphatics)
    • Some analogical leveling happens, though, which collapses some occurrences to invariable /ē ā ō/

Phonology

Corsican Arabic has an almost complete set of emphatic (realized as pharyngealization)-nonemphatic pairs, formed from both native emphatic consonants (Classical Arabic T D S Z q became D Z S Z G) and borrowed Irish vocabulary. This article represents emphatic consonants with capitalized letters.

Consonant phonemes in Corsican Arabic

		Labial		Dental/Alveolar		Postalveolar	Dorsal		Glottal
		plain	phar.	plain	phar.		plain	phar.
Nasal		m m	M mˁ	n n̪	N n̪ˁ		[ŋ]	[ɴ]
Stop	aspirated	p pʰ	P pˁʰ	t t̪ʰ	T t̪ˁʰ		k k̟ʰ	K q̟ʰ	2 ʔ
	unaspirated	b b	B bˁ	d d̪	D d̪ˁ		g ɡ̟	G ɢ̟
Fricative	voiceless	f φ	F φˁ	s s	S sˁ	š ʃ	x x̟	X χ̟	h h
	voiced	w β	W wˁ	z z	Z zˁ~ðˁ	ž ʒ	j j	Γ ʁ̟
Trill				r r	R rˁ
Lateral				l l	L l̪ˁ

voicing distinction in stops is realized like in Irish; w = [β̞], [β] before vowels

t d T D n N L are dental

word-final nonemphatic consonants are slightly palatalized (relic of -i endings?): walid 'child' /βalid/ [βælid̪ʲ].

Clusters may not follow bwb sws in native words or with Irish words put into Arabic patterns. Irish broad and slender consonants are borrowed as emphatic and nonemphatic consonants, respectively (unless possibly after a stressed syllable, where they're subject to emphasis/nonemphasis spreading).

Emphatic aspirated stops are aspirated less strongly than non-emphatic aspirated stops; unaspirated emphatic stops are more fully voiced than unaspirated nonemphatic stops.

has a similar vowel inventory to Irish, with short /u/ (retained from Classical Arabic) realized as [y] after nonemphatic consonants and with more vowels from lost ayin

a e i o u ə ā ē ī ō ū ė əj əw aj aw ea oa ia ua

a is [æ] after nonemphatics, [ɑ] after emphatics

o is [o] after nonemphatics, [ɔ] after emphatics

i is [i] after nonemphatics, [ɪ] after emphatics

u is [ʏ] after nonemphatics, [ʊ] after emphatics

unstressed a is similar to stressed a; unstressed ə is [ʌ] after an emphatic and [ɜ̟] after a nonemphatic

Stress is no longer predictable

Morphology

should extract consonantal roots from Irish words

Pronouns

• inə, int(ə), hu(wə), hi(jə), nahn(ə), intum, hum

Nouns

sound plurals: m. -0 > -īn, f. -ə > -ēh/ōh/ijēh;

m. pl. const. -ė

f. sg. const. -ət/-t (Gījə 'prayer' -> Gījət 'prayer of', Gījəti 'my prayer'); f. pl. const. -ēt/-ōt

emphasis spreading to the syllables after a posttonic emphatic

• Gījə 'prayer', Gījəti 'my prayer'; Gījətuh 'his prayer'
• taNGə 'language', taNGəTi 'my language'; taNGəTuh 'his language'; taNGijēh 'languages'
• baNəXT 'blessing; to bless', bəNōWiX 'blessings'?

todo: broken plurals

article əl- (moon) or əC- (sun); sun letters D d Z z T t L l N n S s R r š 

sg and sound pl fem possessives: -i -ək -uh -hə -nə -kum -hum

sound pl masc possessives: -ejjə -ėk -ėh -ėhə -ėnə -ėkum -ėhum

irish -ə nouns are borrowed as feminine -ə

head-marked (house.CONST DEF-king, house-3SG.M DEF-king) or double-marked possessives (house-SG.M DAT DEF-king)

Adjectives

all adjectives have the same declension: -0 -ə -īn -āh. Inanimate plurals are treated as sg fem

Verbs

loan verbs use -əXəZ for VN from MidIr *-aghadh (~ Scottish Gaelic -achadh, Irish -ú)

retain passive binyanim as impersonal; maSdars serve the same grammatical roles as Irish verbnouns

Gzarot split based on emphatic/nonemphatic, then simplification

negative ma-š sticks to the first (focused) constituent; the unmarked construction is máDWi huš 'he did not admit' for pronoun subjects, but máDWiš šēMəS 'Séamus did not admit' for noun subjects.

4-consonant roots

Irish loan verb conjugation: targəm 'he translated' (Arabic tarjama)

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl	3pl
past; conditional	tərgámt inə, tərgám(t)nə	tərgámt int, tərgám(t)int	tárgəm hu	tárgəmət hi	tərgámnə nahn, tərgámnan	tərgámtum, tərgám(t)intum	tárgəmu hum
future	nətárgəminə	tətárgəmint	jətárgəm hu	tətárgəm hi	nətárgəmunan	tətárgmintum	jətárgmu hum
imperative	-	tárgəm!	-	-	-	tárgəmu!	-
passive participle	mittárgəm
verbal noun	tárgəməXəZ

Irish verbs

Loan verb paradigm based on loaned Irish -aigh verbs (partly fitted to native 3-y verbs)

usually lenited? (bc past tense)

Irish loan verb conjugation: aDWi 'he admitted, confessed' (from admhaigh)

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl	3pl
past; conditional	əDWė́t inə, əDWė́tnə, əDWė́nə	əDWė́t int, əDWė́tint, əDWė́nt	áDWi hu	áDWiT hi	aDWė́nə nahn, aDWė́nan	əDWė́tum, əDWė́ntum	áDWu hum
future	náDWiNə	táDWiNT	jáDWi hu	táDWi hi	náDWuNaN	táDWiNTuM	jáDWu hum
imperative	-	áDWi!	-	-	-	áDWu!	-
passive participle	mitáDWi
verbal noun	áDWəXəZ (used in constructions such as inə f-áDWəXəZ 'I confess')

Newer loan verbs

Irish loan verb conjugation: maksimízi 'he maximized' (from French maximiser)

→ Person ↓ Tense	1sg	2sg	3sg.m	3sg.f	1pl	2pl	3pl
past; conditional	maksimizė́t inə, maksimizė́tnə, maksimizė́nə	maksimizė́t int, maksimizė́tint, maksimizė́nt	maksimízi hu	maksimízit hi	maksimizė́nə nahn, maksimizė́nan	maksimizė́tum, maksimizė́ntum	maksimízu hum
future	nəmaksimízinə	təmaksimízint	jəmaksimízi hu	təmaksimízi hi	nəmaksimízinan	təmaksimízintum	jəmaksimízu hum
imperative	-	maksimízi!	-	-	-	maksimízu!	-
passive participle	maksimizė́
verbal noun	maksimízəXəZ (used in constructions such as inə fi-maksimízəXəZ 'I maximize')

Prepositions

frė = against? frejjə, frėk, frėh, frėhə, frėnə, frėkum, frėhum (that -hə for 3fs really sounds Scottish Gaelic)

ālə = on; alejjə, alėk, ...

mijejn 'about' (~ Scottish Gaelic mu dheidhinn): mijejni, mijejnək, mijejnih, mijejnhə, mijejnnə, mijejnkum, mijejnhum

fī is matched to faoi sometimes

Numerals

wēhəd, tnėn, tlētə, aRBa, hamsə, sittə, saba, tmēnjə, disa, āšRə

2awwəl, tēni, tēlit, RōBa, hāmis, sētit, sēba, tmēni, dēsa, āšir

Syntax

Irish/Gàidhlig relex; VSO and verbnouns whose possessors are direct objects. Even more Irishy than Irta Modern Hebrew; grammar-wise it's the most Irishy Irtan Semlang.

Question particle əl (from hal)

Texts

The Lord's Prayer

called əl-Padir or əl-misērnə