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| Line 14: |
Line 14: |
| 8000: urána | | 8000: urána |
| ==Diachronics== | | ==Diachronics== |
| ===Vowels===
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| *a e i o u
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| *a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
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| *a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
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| *ai au ei eu oi ou
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| *a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i
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|
| |
|
| ===Diphthongs simplify before laryngeals===
| |
| ====Before x or xʷ====
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| Let X be a one of ''x'' and ''xʷ''. Then:
| |
| *aiX > eX
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| *auX > oX
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| *eiX > iX
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| *euX > oX
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| *oiX > eX
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| *ouX > uX
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| *a:iX > a:X
| |
| *a:uX > a:X
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| *e:iX > e:X
| |
| *e:uX > e:X
| |
| *o:uX > o:X
| |
| *o:iX > o:X
| |
|
| |
| ====Before ħ====
| |
| *aiħ > aħ
| |
| *eiħ > eħ
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| *euħ > eħ
| |
| *oiħ > oħ
| |
| *ouħ > oħ
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| *a:iħ > a:ħ
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| *a:uħ > a:ħ
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| *e:iħ > e:ħ
| |
| *e:uħ > e:ħ
| |
| *o:uħ > o:ħ
| |
| *o:iħ > o:ħ
| |
|
| |
| ===Laryngeal loss===
| |
| *x-, ħ-, xʷ- > e-, a-, o-
| |
|
| |
| In the following, When the vowel before the permutation is long, the reflex is overlong.
| |
| ====h1====
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| *axa exa ixa oxa uxa > a: ä: e: å: o:
| |
| *axe exe ixe oxe uxe > ä: e: i: e: i:
| |
| *axi exi ixi oxi uxi > e: i: i: e: i:
| |
| *axo exo ixo oxo uxo > å: e: e: o: u:
| |
| *axu exu ixu oxu uxu > o: e: i: u: u:
| |
| *axC exC ixC oxC uxC > ä: e: i: o: u:
| |
| ====h2====
| |
| *aħa eħa iħa oħa uħa > a: a: ä: a: å:
| |
| *aħe eħe iħe oħe uħe > a: ä: e: ä: e:
| |
| *aħi eħi iħi oħi uħi > ä: e: e: ä: e:
| |
| *aħo eħo iħo oħo uħo > a: ä: ä: å: o:
| |
| *aħu eħu iħu oħu uħu > å: ä: e: o: o:
| |
| *aħC eħC iħC oħC uħC > a: ä: e: å: o:
| |
| ====h3====
| |
| Let ''V'' be the set of vowel qualities {a, ä, å, e, i, o, u}, and let ''q : V → V'' denote the involutive permutation (ä å)(e o)(i u). Then for a given ''v'' ∈ ''V'', the reflex of ''v''xʷ''v'' equals ''q''(''v′'')xʷ''q''(''v′'') = ''q''(''v′xv′''), where ''v′'' denotes ''q''(''v''):
| |
| *axʷa exʷa ixʷa oxʷa uxʷa > a: ä: e: å: o:
| |
| *axʷe exʷe ixʷe oxʷe uxʷe > ä: e: i: o: o:
| |
| *axʷi exʷi ixʷi oxʷi uxʷi > e: i: i: o: u:
| |
| *axʷo exʷo ixʷo oxʷo uxʷo > å: o: u: o: u:
| |
| *axʷu exʷu ixʷu oxʷu uxʷu > o: o: u: u: u:
| |
| *axʷC exʷC ixʷC oxʷC uxʷC > å: e: i: o: u:
| |
|
| |
| ===Overlong diphthongs===
| |
| *a::i a::u e::i i::u e::u o::i o::u u::i > a:: a:: e:: i:: e:: o:: o:: u::
| |
|
| |
| The resulting vowel system is:
| |
| *a e i o u
| |
| *a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
| |
| *a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
| |
| *ai au ei eu oi ou
| |
| *a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i
| |
|
| |
| ===Last changes common to all T-Talsmic languages===
| |
| *kʷ gʷ > ts dz > t d
| |
| *k g > tʃ dʒ > s z
| |
| *rk > rt
| |
|
| |
| ===Andarin===
| |
| *ð > funny lateral-ish sound > l
| |
| *f > þ
| |
| *þ > s
| |
| *ł > hy
| |
| *p > kw > ty
| |
| *b > gw > w/y (hiatus breaker)
| |
| *rb, lb > rd, ld
| |
| *lz > ld
| |
| *d > r
| |
| *mb > ngw > ndy
| |
| *m > ny
| |
| *rw, lw > rr, ll
| |
| *ð > funny lateral-ish sound > l
| |
| *f > þ
| |
| *þ > s
| |
| *ł > hy
| |
| *p > kw > ty
| |
| *b > gw > w/y (hiatus breaker)
| |
| *rb, lb > rd, ld
| |
| *lz > ld
| |
| *d > r
| |
| *mb > ngw > ndy
| |
| *m > ny
| |
| *rw, lw > rr, ll
| |
| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| Based on the idea of "minimalistic Elvish". | | Based on the idea of "minimalistic Elvish". |
Alice's Adventures in Wonderland/2 (andarinyë) is a Talmic language spoken in Andaegōr. It is intended to be a parody of Quenya (particularly its overall coronal-heaviness)
Numbers
1-10: ténya, tihyór, nardë, aldausë, salihyë, álë, rórë, loresë, sarrë, aiyór
11-20: tényár, álór, nardár, rórór, salihyár, loresór, nallaisë, sarrór, téllaisë, naisë
21, 22, ...: naisë í ténya, naisë í tihyór, ...
40, 60, 80, ...: tihyór naisë, nardë naisë, aldausë naisë, ...
400: tallë
8000: urána
Diachronics
Phonology
Based on the idea of "minimalistic Elvish".
Consonants
|
|
Labial
|
Alveolar
|
Palatal
|
| Nasal
|
|
n /n/
|
|
| Plosive
|
voiceless
|
|
t /t/
|
|
| voiced
|
|
d /d/
|
|
| Fricative
|
v [v]*
|
s /s/
|
hy [ç]
|
| Approximant
|
|
l /l/
|
y /j/
|
| Trill
|
|
r /r/
|
|
* only occurs as a hiatus breaker between vowels.
Vowels
|
|
Front
|
Central
|
Back
|
| short
|
long
|
short
|
long
|
short
|
long
|
| Close
|
i /i/
|
í /iː/
|
|
|
u /u/
|
ú /uː/
|
| Mid
|
e /e/
|
é /eː/
|
|
|
o /o/
|
ó /oː/
|
| Open
|
|
|
a /a/
|
á /aː/
|
|
|
/iu, eu, ai, au, oi, ui/