Contionary:hava

Jugsnorsk

Etymology

Inherited from Varhúsnorsk hava, from Old Norse hafa, from Proto-Germanic *habjaną

Pronunciation

• (Jugsnorsk) IPA^(key): /ˈxa.ʋɐ/; [x-, (h)-], [-ˈɑ.ʋɐ]

("hav-" without vowel) [-ˈɑu̯, -ˈɒu̯]

("hava-", younger) [-ˈɑː]

Verb

hava (present hav- or 'v-, past havð- or 'vð-)

1. (transitive) to have

   k'vu (< ęk havu) fǿðu

   I have food

   1. (transitive) to hold, keep
      1. (transitive) to withhold
2. (transitive, copulative, with temporary qualities) to be

   k'vu sélā!

   I'm happy!

3. (auxiliary, with supine) used to form the perfect

   k'v'átt

   I've eaten

Usage notes

When used with an adjective, vaja expresses permanent qualities, whereas hava expresses temporary qualities.

Both vaja and hava take a nominative object when used as a copula.

hava is rarely seen in its full form, especially after vowels, you will most often encounter it without the initial ha-, in this form, the -v- is pronounced as [u] before consonants, as in 'vt [ut]. When shortened like this, 'vu is often seen as 'v' before verbs that start with vowels.

Inflection

Conjugation of [[Contionary:{{{lem}}}|{{{lem}}}]] — positive (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	hava				{{{2}}}a				havt'sa
participle	havaddi				{{{2}}}j				havt'saddi
supine	—				havt				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havý	haví	hav		{{{2}}}ý	{{{2}}}í	{{{2}}}		havt'sý	havt'sí	havt's
plural	havuð	havið	havað		{{{2}}}uð	{{{2}}}ið	{{{2}}}að		havt'suð	havt'sið	havt'sað
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	havýsk	havísk	havsk		{{{2}}}ýsk	{{{2}}}ísk	{{{2}}}sk		havt'sýsk	havt'sísk	havt'ssk
plural	havutsk	havitsk	havatsk		{{{2}}}utsk	{{{2}}}itsk	{{{2}}}atsk		havt'sutsk	havt'sitsk	havt'satsk

1: past imperative is rare

Conjugation of [[Contionary:{{{lem}}}|{{{lem}}}]] — negative (weak)

	present				past				future
infinitive	'vat				{{{2}}}at				'vt'sat
participle	'vaddit				{{{2}}}jat				'vt'saddit
supine	—				'vtat				—
active	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	'výt	'vít	'vat		{{{2}}}ýt	{{{2}}}ít	{{{2}}}at		'vt'sýt	'vt'sít	'vt'sat
plural	'vuðt	'viðt	'vaðat		{{{2}}}uðt	{{{2}}}iðt	{{{2}}}aðat		'vt'suðt	'vt'siðt	'vt'saðat
mediopassive	indicative	subjunctive	imperative		indicative	subjunctive	imperative¹		indicative	subjunctive	imperative
singular	'výska	'víska	'vska		{{{2}}}ýska	{{{2}}}íska	{{{2}}}ska		'vt'sýska	'vt'síska	'vt'sska
plural	'vutska	'vitska	'vatska		{{{2}}}utska	{{{2}}}itska	{{{2}}}atska		'vt'sutska	'vt'sitska	'vt'satska

1: past imperative is rare