Bgapian

Introduction

Modern Netagin (nðoḡin [ləˈðogin]) is the modern descendant of Classical Netagin. It is a prestige language in Talma, and is currently the most spoken Talman language.

Numbers

1-12: ħaŋic böḏ hez tüŋ mikoś fazim ʔaŋbon kacăḏ xuȝos rifü þaḇiŋ śḏüȝ zorüx

Phonology

Consonants

Modern Netagin lost Classical Netagin gemination, and gained new consonant contrasts as a result.

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Palatal	Velar	Uvular	Pharyngeal	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n~l/			ŋ /ŋ/
Plosive	tenuis	b /p/	d /t/			g /k/			ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	ḇ /b/	ḏ /d/			ḡ /g/
	aspirated	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/			k /kʰ/
Affricate			c /ts/	ć /tɬ/
Spirant	voiceless	f /f/	þ /θ/			x /x/
	voiced	v /v/	ð /ð/
Nonspirant	voiceless		s /s/	ś /ɬ/				ħ /ħ/	h /h/
	voiced		z /z/
Approximant			r /ɹ/		y /j/		ȝ /ʁ~ʕ/

• /pʰ/ is found in loans and words derived from loans.
• /d/ is often a tap [ɾ] before a vowel.

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i /i/	ü /y/	u /u/
Mid	e /e/	ö /ø/	o /o/
Open		a /a/

/y, ø/ are actually more accurately transcribed as /ʉ, ɵ/.

Morphology

Modern Netagin morphology is simpler than Classical Netagin.

Nouns

Nouns have three principal parts: absolute singular, absolute plural and construct singular.

Adjectives

Adjectives in -in decline as follows:

nðoḡin 'Netagin'

	Singulative	Plurative
Masculine	nðoḡin	nðoḡino
Feminine	nðoḡiye	nðoḡiḇ

Verbs

Similar to Scottish Gaelic and Welsh, in using analytic constructions with auxiliaries and verbal nouns. Ergativity marks tense.

Non-past

Se ʔadnaʔe reȝun ʔaxd.

PRED cook.VN vegetables 1SG

I am cooking vegetables.

Past

Se ʔadnaʔe reȝun yisxe.

PRED cook.VN vegetables erg.1SG

I cooked vegetables.

Syntax

Unlike Classical Netagin, Modern Netagin is a VOS, split-ergative language.