User:IlL/Spare pages 1/69

Inspiration: Welsh, Vrushka; intended to be a Welshy counterpart to our Arabic which is Irishy

Umlaut (before non-emphatic consonants)

• a-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /a e o a: e: o: ai au/
• i-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /ɛ i ü e: i: ü: ɛi aü/ (a: > e: already by imāla)
• u-umlaut: a i u aa ii uu ay aw > /œ ü u œ: ü: u: ɔi ɛu/

Loss of vowel length after umlaut; loss of geminates

alif > 0

yā' > /ð/ dde

ḍād > /ɬ/ llawd

sīn, shīn, ṣād > /s ʃ ɧ/ sin, šin, sjawd

ṭā' > /p/ ex. ṭayyib > peddyb /pɛðəb/ 'good'

tā' > /t/

ẓā' > /ð/, /v/, /ɣ/ (randomly) ex. ghebi /ɣɛbi/ 'gazelle'; fwhr /vuhər/ 'noon'

qāf > /k/ c, kāf > /tʃ/ č

jīm > /g/

fā > /v/

Phonology

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar	Medial	Palatal	Velar	Radical	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/
Plosive	plain	p /pʰ/	t /tʰ/			c /kʰ/		ʔ /ʔ/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			g /g/
Affricate					č /tʃ/
Non-sibilant	unvoiced		th /θ/		ç /ç/			h /h/
	voiced	f /v/	dd /ð/
Sibilant	unvoiced		s /s/	sj /ɧ/	š /ʃ/
	voiced		z /z/
Lateral	unvoiced		ll /ɬ/
	voiced		l /l/
Trill			r /r/