Literature talk:Be prepared
Pandoga is a triconsonantal language with an Indic aesthetic.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Consonants
There are 22 consonants in Pandoga (as in Hebrew!)
| Bilabial | Labiodental | Dental | Alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Velar | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Voiceless stop | p /p/ | t /t̪/ | ṭ /ʈ/ | c /c/ | k /k/ | |||
| Voiced stop | b /b/ | d /d̪/ | ḍ /ɖ/ | j /ɟ/ | g /ɡ/ | |||
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n̪/ | ṇ /ɳ/ | |||||
| Fricative | s /s/ | ṣ /ʂ/ | h /h/ | |||||
| Voiced fricative | z /z/ | |||||||
| Approximant | v /ʋ/ | y /j/ | ||||||
| Lateral | l /l/ | ḷ /ɺ̢/ | ||||||
| Trill | r /r/ |
Vowels
Pandoga has an unusual 5 vowel system:
| Romanization | IPA |
|---|---|
| a | /ɐ/ |
| ā | /a:/ |
| e | /e:/ |
| i | /i/ |
| o | /o:/ |
Prosody
Stress
Intonation
Phonotactics
Morphophonology
Morphology
Pandoga uses roots consisting of three consonants. An example is P-Ṇ-B 'to write':
- paṇoba = writer
- paṇabeti =
- capṇaboti =
Nouns
Nouns inflect for definiteness and state (absolute/construct) and may include possessive affixes. A sample noun:
| paṇoba "writer" | Singular | Plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | paṇoba | ||
| Definite | paṇobahe | ||
| Construct | 1st person | paṇabori | paṇabaroṇi |
| 2nd person | paṇaboti | paṇabatoṇi | |
| 3rd person | paṇaba | ||
Verbs
The passive binyan uses the prefix ca- (la- if the first consonant is palatal or velar) and the causative binyan uses ka- (ta- if the first consonant is palatal or velar).
- paṇoba, capṇoba, kapaṇboṇa