Iwá'a Tui

Iwáxa Tui [iˈwɐ.ʔa ˈtu.i] is a language spoken by a seafaring culture known as the Tui people. The name Iwáxa Tui comes from the phrase iwaak'a tui [iˈwaːk̚.a ˈtu.i] (or, colloquially, iwaag'a toi [iˈwaː.ɠa ˈto.i]) meaning "voice of the people".

Iwáxa Tui is a mainly analytic language with few non-interacting affixes.

Phonology

A comprehensive phonological analysis of Iwáxa Tui has not been conducted, so the information present in this article is subject to change as more research is done.

Consonants

Romanization	[m]	[n]	[ɲ]	[p]	[p̚ ~ ɓ]	[b]	[tʰ]	[t]	[t̚ ~ ɗ]	[t͡ɕ]	[kʰ]	[k]	[k̚ ~ ɠ]	[ɡ]	[ʔ]	[ɸ]	[f]	[z]	[ʃ]	[x]	[h]	[w]	[l]	[j]	[ɾ]
Pronunciation	m	n	ñ	p	p' ~ b'	b	th	t	t' ~ d'	ts	kh	k	k' ~ g'	g	x	ph	f	z	s	ch	h	w	l	y	r

Consonants of all manners except tap have been observed to be long.

[ɸ] and [f] are distinguished by the latter being pronounced noticeably stronger.

[n̩] is the only consonant observed to be syllabic, having occured in both standard and honorific forms of the word for "cloud" (man-u and phan-u, respectively) in which it had secondary stress.

[p̚ t̚ k̚] occur in formal speech, but are [ɓ ɗ ɠ] in informal speech when preceding a vowel.

Vowels

Monophthongs

Romanization	[i]	[y]	[u]	[e]	[ə]	[o]	[ɜ]	[æ]	[ɐ]	[a]
Pronunciation	i	ú	u	e	é	o	ë	ä	á	a

Only [i u e o a] have been observed to be long.

Diphthongs

Romanization	[ei]	[ou]	[oe]	[ɜi]	[ai]
Pronunciation	ei	ou	oe	ëi	ai

Only [ei] and [ai] have been observed to be lengthened, with only the i-component having increased length.

Multiple vowels next to each other are romanized with ⟨'⟩ in between if they can be confused for a diphthong.

Stress

Iwáxa Tui has phonemic primary and secondary stress.

Phonotactics

(C)(C)V(V)(L)(C)(C)

• C: consonant
• V: vowel
• L: length

Grammar

Honorific Speech

Many of Iwáxa Tui's words have 2 or 3 forms reflecting respect toward their referent and give a literary implication. Formal registers include more honorific word forms than informal registers, but still can occur often in informal registers.

When words have two honorific forms, one is the standard word and the other is the honorific word. When they have three, the third is often used by children and is honor-neutral, but viewed in concept as lesser than the standard form.

In honorific forms and formal registers, the phoneme /ɾ/ is always changed to /l/ because it is not seen as elegant.

Head Order

Iwáxa Tui is mainly head-final, but head-initiality can occur when giving emphasis or importance to a word.

For non-verb phrases, this only occurs for one phrase in a sentence, if any, in typical registers. However, in very formal speech, a sentence will often contain many head-initial phrases, particularly for anything related to the addressee, people, nations, symbols, culturally important objects, and personally respected nouns or qualities.

For verb-phrases, head-initiality is used much more often in all formality registers. It is more commonly used to convey significance to the event in question. Head-initiality is mandatory when the head and/or dependent are a clause or if the head is respected (in which case, it also is used in its respectful form).

Vocabulary

Iwáxa Tui	English	Notes
yu'i [ˈju.i]	clothes
yu'itai [ˈju.i.tai]	clothes	Clothes when worn on the body or high-class clothing. Evolved from the honorific form of yu-i.
omú [ˈo.my]	book
'eheän [ˈʔe.he.æn]	movie
ámä [ɐˈmæ]	ocean (childhood)
onnaa [onˈnaː]	ocean
ommaa [omˈmaː]	ocean (honorific)
wassii [waˈʃːiː]	crashing wave
oitai [ˈoi̯.tai̯]	wave	Used exclusively for waves before crashing.
olitai [ˈo.liˌtai̯]	wave (honorific)	Used exclusively for waves before crashing.
mizu [miˈzu]	drinking water
gáxin [ˈɡɐ.ʔin]	music
géxin [ˈɡə.ʔin]	music (honorific)	Used much more often than gáxin.
thamwi [ˈtʰam.wi]	boat
thamui [tʰaˈmu.i]	boat (honorific)
mau [ˈma.u]	arm	Not including its hand.
imau [ˌiˈma.u]	arm	The arm and its hand.
telehi [ˈteˌleˌhi]	river
telehe'i [ˌte.leˈhe.i]	major river	Refers to a large, thick, or culturally/politically/ecologically important river. Evolved from the honorific form of telehi.
mboku [ˈmboku]	car
khaa'i [ˈkʰaː.i]	foot
okhaa'i [ˈoˌkʰaː.i]	leg	Not including its foot.
mut'tha [mut̚ˈtʰa]	leg	The leg and its foot.
ele [e.le] +	to be on the path to	Prefixed to the destination.
eleäm [e.le.æm] +	to be on the path to (honorific)	Prefixed to the destination.
ele'i [e.leˈi]	to be going	Does not specify destination, used when the destination is implied or unnecessary to mention.
maki [ˈma.ki] +	wanted (childhood)	Prefixed to noun. Words must be nominalized to have this form.
maaki [ˈmaː.ki] +	wanted	Prefixed to noun. Words must be nominalized to have this form.
maakhi [ˈmaː.kʰi] +	wanted (honorific)	Prefixed to noun. Words must be nominalized to have this form.
ewethoo [ˈe.weˌtʰoː]	path to	Used as an adjective. The path in question must be chosen, not unintentional.
eweo [ˈe.we.o]	path to (honorific)	Used as an adjective. The path in question must be chosen, not unintentional.
toxikare [ˈto.ʔiˈka.ɾe]	computer
toxikäle [ˈto.ʔiˌkæ.le]	computer (honorific)
ah [ah]	NMZ	Nominalizer, placed after the word.
iwaa [iˈwaː]	voice
kenh iwaa [kenn̥ iˈwaː]	to say one word
teh iwaa [teh iˈwaː]	to talk about
lahah iwaa [lahah iˈwaː]	to discuss
+ oh iwaa [oh iˈwaː]	to speak from the perspective of	Suffixed to the source of the perspective.
kawih iwaa [kaˈwih iˈwaː]	to argue
yallh iwaa [jalːl̥ iˈwaː]	to sing
yällh iwaa [jælːl̥ iˈwaː]	to sing (honorific)
ocheh iwaa [oˌt͡ɕeh iˈwaː]	to say a proverb
abih iwaa [aˈbih iˈwaː]	to announce	Used for informative declarations and speeches.
koe iwaa [koe iˈwaː]	to declare	Used for declarations of novel or sudden information.
imakh iwaa [iˈmakʰ iˈwaː]	to write
ptayeh [ptaˈjeh]	to look	Involving intent, focus and/or study.
imai [iˈmai]	to see	To observe without focus and not for a long time; to happen to see.
otoxi [oˌtoˈʔi]	to glimpse	Also used for hardly being able to see.
masëi [maˈʃɜi]	to stare	To stare with an inactive mind, unphasedly, or due to being zoned out.
yomai [ˈjoˌmai]	to stare	To stare with an active mind, intently, or as a response.
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